Todd Heisler/The New York Times
By NICHOLAS CONFESSORE, PETER LATTMAN and KEVIN ROOSE
When Bain Capital sought to raise money in 1989 for a fast-growing office-supply company named Staples, Mitt Romney,
Bain’s founder, called upon a trusted business partner: Goldman Sachs,
whose bankers led the company’s initial public offering.
When Mr. Romney became governor of Massachusetts, his blind trust gave
Goldman much of his wealth to manage, a fortune now estimated to be as
much as $250 million.
And as Mr. Romney mounts his second bid for the presidency, Goldman is
coming through again: Its employees have contributed at least $367,000
to his campaign, making the firm Mr. Romney’s largest single source of
campaign money through the end of September.
No other company is so closely intertwined with Mr. Romney’s public and
private lives except Bain itself. And in recent days, Mr. Romney’s ties
to Goldman Sachs have lashed another lightning rod to a campaign already
fending off withering attacks on his career as a buyout specialist,
thrusting the privileges of the Wall Street elite to the forefront of
the Republican nominating battle.
Newt Gingrich, whose allies have spent millions of dollars on
advertisements painting Mr. Romney as a heartless “vulture capitalist,”
seized on Mr. Romney’s Goldman ties at Thursday’s Republican debate in
Florida, suggesting that he had profited through Goldman on banks that
had foreclosed on Floridians. And as the fight over regulation of
financial firms spills onto the campaign trail, Mr. Romney’s support for
the industry — he has called for repeal of the Dodd-Frank legislation
tightening oversight of Wall Street — may draw more fire.
Mr. Romney’s positions and pedigree have helped draw to his side major
donors in the financial world. The securities and investment industry
has given more money to Mr. Romney than any other industry, according to
the Center for Responsive Politics, and some of its leading figures
have donated millions of dollars to Restore Our Future, the “super PAC”
bolstering Mr. Romney’s campaign. Goldman employees are also the biggest
source of donations to Free & Strong America PAC, a group Mr.
Romney founded but no longer controls.
But Mr. Romney’s personal finances are particularly entwined with Goldman.
His federal financial disclosure statements show Mr. Romney and his
wife, their blind trusts and their family foundation to be prodigious
consumers of the bank’s services. In 2011, Mr. Romney’s blind trust and
the couple’s retirement accounts held as much as $36.7 million in at
least two dozen Goldman investment vehicles, earning as much as $3
million a year in income. Mrs. Romney’s trust had at least $10.2 million
in Goldman funds — possibly much more — earning as much as $6.2
million.
Tax returns released by the campaign this week also highlighted some of
the privileges Mr. Romney enjoyed as a friend of Goldman: In May 1999, a
few months after he left Bain to run the Salt Lake City Olympics,
Goldman allowed Mr. Romney to buy at least 7,000 Goldman shares during
the firm’s lucrative initial public offering — a generous allotment even
among Goldman clients, according to people with knowledge of the deal.
When Mr. Romney’s trusts sold the shares in December 2010, a few months
before he formed his presidential exploratory committee for the 2012
race, they returned a profit of $750,000.
A spokeswoman for Goldman declined to comment, as did a spokeswoman for Mr. Romney.
Investing with Goldman was not without risks: Like other Goldman
clients, the Romneys invested money in a family of funds known as
Whitehall, which placed highly leveraged bets on office buildings,
casinos and hotels. Some Whitehall deals collapsed during the financial
crisis, saddling Mr. Romney and its other investors with big losses.
And some of the attacks on Mr. Romney have overreached. While Mr.
Gingrich charged on Thursday that his rival did business with a firm
that “was explicitly foreclosing on Floridians,” that is not accurate:
The family’s holdings include a Goldman fund that, like other investment
funds, has invested partly in mortgage-backed securities. Goldman sold
its mortgage servicing arm, Litton Loan Servicing, last year.
But other elements of Mr. Romney’s personal and business ties to Goldman
may prove more controversial. Bain’s mid-1990s acquisition of Dade
Behring, a medical device maker with factories in Florida, has become a
totem of the economic upheaval that private equity
can inflict. Goldman invested in the acquisition, which brought the
bank $120 million and Bain $242 million — but led to the layoffs of
hundreds of workers in Miami. Democrats hammered Mr. Romney over the
deal this week.
When Mr. Romney was building Bain into one of the world’s premier
private equity firms, Goldman’s bankers clamored for Bain business, and
won assignments advising or financing an array of Bain deals, including
Bain’s 1997 $800 million buyout of Sealy, the nation’s largest mattress
company, which it later sold.
As Mr. Romney amassed his fortune, Goldman also offered up the services
of an elite Boston-based team in the bank’s private wealth management
unit. The relationship gave him access to Goldman’s exclusive investment
funds, including private equity vehicles known as Goldman Sachs Capital
Partners.
Mr. Romney is far from Goldman’s largest client — some investors have
billions of dollars at the firm — but his political connections and
founding role at Bain have elevated his importance there. His Goldman
investments are handled by Jim Donovan, who has built one of the
largest-producing businesses in Goldman’s private wealth management
unit, managing several billion dollars for the firm’s individual
clients.
Goldman gave Mr. Romney’s trusts access to the bank’s own exclusive
investment funds and helped him execute an aggressive and complex
tax-deferral strategy known as an “exchange fund” in 2002. (Since 2003,
most of Mr. Romney’s money has been held in blind trusts, meaning that
he no longer makes many of his own investment decisions.) According to
tax returns released this week, the family’s three principal trusts
earned more than $9 million from various Goldman Sachs investment
vehicles in 2010.
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